Interest Rates, Inflation and the Economy Over Time

Interest rates and inflation decide what is left of a return in real terms. This section carries the official series from the ECB, Eurostat and the St. Louis Fed’s FRED database — refreshed daily, with full history and linked directly to the calculators that use them.

Topics

Rates, Inflation and the Economy

Macro series
SeriesLatestChangeAs of
Germany unemployment rate4.10%+0.00 ppSep 1, 2026
US unemployment rate4.20%+0.10 ppSep 1, 2026
Germany mortgage rates (new housing loans)4.00%+0.07 ppAug 1, 2026
German 10-year government bond yield3.47%+0.29 ppSep 1, 2026
€STR (euro short-term rate)2.44%+0.00 ppOct 29, 2026
EUR/USD (ECB reference rate)1.1172 USD+0.0040 USDOct 30, 2026
ECB deposit facility rate2.50%+0.00 ppOct 31, 2026
ECB main refinancing rate2.65%+0.00 ppOct 31, 2026
US federal funds rate (effective)3.88%+0.00 ppOct 29, 2026
Germany inflation rate (HICP, year on year)3.30%+0.40 ppSep 1, 2026
Euro area inflation rate (HICP, year on year)3.80%+0.60 ppSep 1, 2026
Germany savings rates (overnight deposits)0.51%+0.01 ppAug 1, 2026
US 10-year Treasury yield4.98%-0.07 ppOct 29, 2026
US 30-year fixed mortgage rate7.24%-0.08 ppOct 29, 2026
US inflation rate (CPI, year on year)3.74%+0.34 ppSep 1, 2026

Data note 1

Updated