Research

Each study here answers one question using data we collect and maintain ourselves.

Every figure comes from our own price database, and every chart includes the same values in a table below. This makes every number easy to check, verify, or quote.

Three rules apply to every study. No claim without a number to support it. Every study states its cut-off date, sample, and known sources of bias. And when the data cannot answer the question, the study says so rather than filling the gap with an opinion.

• 4 Sep 2026Wealth€1.2m needed for €3,000 a month, for ever, at a 3 % real return Living Off Your Returns: What It Really Takes The capital you need is arithmetic. The return you assume is a guess — and it moves the answer by a factor of three.
• 4 Sep 2026Collectibles×5.4 the same cards, matched index, Mar 2022 – Aug 2026 Is the Pokémon Card Market a Bubble? 4,159 Sales Say Maybe Prices for graded cards multiplied. Two thirds of that is real, one third is an illusion of which cards happened to sell.
• 4 Sep 2026ETFs72.3 % United States share of the MSCI World Is the MSCI World Too American? The Real Numbers Holding 1,250 companies sounds diversified. Measured by weight, the MSCI World behaves like 88 of them.
• 4 Sep 2026Crypto45.6 % Bitcoin’s annualised volatility, Jul 2024 – Sep 2026 Has Bitcoin Become a Normal Asset? Bitcoin is calmer than it was and still three times as volatile as the stock market. It moves with tech, not with gold.
• 4 Sep 2026Trading+227.8 % the market itself, 2017–2026, no trading Why Most Traders Lose Money — And What the Data Shows The market paid 13.5 % a year. Five measurable forces decide how much of that a trader keeps — and for most of them the answer is nothing.